Uncertainty Reduction Theory
This research portion refers to the book titled Language and Social Psychology edited by Howard Giles and Robert N. St Clair. Chapter six specifically focuses on the theory at hand, the Uncertainty Reduction Theory. The chapter title, "Beyond Initial interaction: Uncertainty, understandings and the Development of Interpersonal Relationships by Charles Berger of the University of California illustates that all relationships in the begining stages are fraught with uncertainties. Every new communication encounter and relationship are saturated with unknown factors on both sides. Berger focuses on how human communication is used to gain knowledge and create understanding. An initial encounter with a stranger is normally not a communication event involving self-disclosure. Only after communication extends to a deeper level does self-disclosure unfold. The uncertainties must be wiped out before a relationship can move to a higher level.
The book argues that when strangers meet, their primary concern is one of reducing uncertainty about each other. It is never comfortable carrying on a conversation with someone you are completely unfamiliar with. Establishing a common ground generally sets both parties at ease. The main problem stated to occur during first interactions with strangers is one where both sides are trying to predict the feelings and actions of the other person. This will most likely always lead to difficulties when expectations are too high and are not met. If party A holds party B in high esteem and party B turns out to be less than impressive, the relationship will suffer. This particular relationship would hit party A harder due to the unrealistic expectations they walked in with. All people come from different backgrounds and attain different values, so this could cause great discrepincies among the newly acquainted. Berger claims that uncertainty is reduced by confirming one's predictions and verifying explanations for the behavior of one's self and others. Decreasing cognitive uncertainty , will allow persons to assert that they know and understand each other. The extent of their knowledge is determined by the level of knowledge reached and the opportunities that are available for reassurance. People to not attempt to understand everyone they com into contact with, there is rarely an occasion to completely understand. However, when a relationship of severity or longevity is the goal, understanding at all levels increases.
When an interaction first takes place between two individuals there is always a varying level of awareness between the two. There are very low levels of awareness, just as there are extremely high levels of awareness. Depending on the person and the moods involved will determine the appropriate levels. One party may be extremely tired on a particular day and have a low level of interest. On any other day, this party would be receptive and knowledgeable, except for the mood they were in the particular moment. A person generally holding a low level of interest in communicaton situations will only peak their interest again if a long-term, meaningful relationship is at hand. Otherwise, daily interactions and conversations are regarded as fairly insignificant to our beings as a whole. This outlook generally is not seen as positive, for it demonstrates a low level of activity in the relationship.
Created by Stephanie Anop
The last update was on October 15, 1998. Go back to the Uncertainty Reduction title page.
