Central Nervous System and Bodily Electricity and Magnetism Articles from Scientific American

Readings from Scientific American

Central Nervous System and Bodily Electricity and Magnetism
3/52	28	"Smell and Taste." Haagen-Smit; how the senses of taste and smell constitute a 'chemical laboratory', analyzing chemical structures by taste and smell receptors.
5/52	64	"Inherited Sense Defects." Kalmus; concerns color blindness, tone deafness, and other sense abnormalities of man.
10/52	68	"Whale Cardiogram." White; studies and analyzing the electroncardiogram of a whale.
11/52	55	"The Nerve Impulse." Katz; Studies on the transmittance of electrical signals in living organisms (using instruments such as the oscilloscope.)
3/53	59	"What is Pain?" by W. K. Livingston. A survey of the physiological and psychological aspects of pain and how they interact.
9/53	?	"What Is Memory?" by Ralph W. Gerard. An introduction to what was, at the time, a completely unanswerable question.
12/53	86	"Alcohol in the Body." by Leon A. Greenberg. The physiological effects of alcohol on different parts of the body, especially the brain.
6/54	54	"The Electrical Activity of the Brain." Walter; discusses the instrument used in detecting the electrical impulses of the brain, the meaning of the Brainprint, and the diagnosis of brain disorders on the basis of particular electrical patterns of the brain.
2/56	101	"Barriers in the Blood." Robert B. Aird; findings are that walls of blood vessels in the brain regulate passage of substances which play an important role in disorders of the C.N.S.
5/56	48	"The Eye and the Brain." R. Sperry; experiments done with the newt in effort to understand the development of the C. N. S.
10/56	105	"Pleasure Centers in the Brain." James Olds; an investigation into the use of electrodes to produce sensations at specific points in the brains of rats to satisfy hunger, thirst, sex drives, etc.
1/57	70	"Anesthesia." Beecher; effects and types of anesthesia agents; experiments on mechanism of anesthesia.
2/57	87	"Messengers of the Nervous System." Marrazzi; structure of the nerve and synapse; conduction of impulses.
5/57	54	"The Reticular Formation." French; functions of the reticular activating system in the brain.
6/57	62	See Category 2.
2/58	84	"The Cerebellum." Snider; This long mysterious region of the brain coordinates the other parts of that organ.
3/58	135	"The Physiology of Imagination." Eccles; What do we presently know of the physical processes that underlies creativity?
4/58	97	"The Chemical Senses." Kalmus; sight, hearing and touch detect physical stimuli; smell and taste, chemical stimuli.
7/59	113	"Alkaloids." How they affect human physiology. They are compounds such as choline, nicotine, ethanolamine, morphine, quinine, LSD, and caffiene.
8/59	89	"Conditioning and Brain Waves." Studies that elucidate the physiological substructure of mental phenomena.
11/59	68	"The Growth of Nerve Circuits." Studies on nerve regeneration.
8/60	98	"Biological Transducers." Coewenstein; The structures which convert stimuli such as light and pressure into nerve impulses.
10/60	115	"Electric Fishes." Grundfest; Generation of electric charge in eels and other fishes.
2/61	41	"The Perception of Pain." by Ronald Melzack. Pain is not a fixed response to certain stimuli, but is modified by experience.
5/61	107	"From Faraday to the Dynamo. by Harold I. Sharlin. Why did it take half a century to apply electromagnetic induction?
9/61	209	"How Cells Communicate." by Bernard Katz. They do so with "chemical messengers" and nerve impulses.
11/61	132	"The Electrocardiogram." by Allen N. S. Chen. This record used by physicians has been related to electrical events in the heart.
12/61	62	"Satellite Cells in the Nervous System." Holger Hyden; analysis of nerve and glial cells suggests that the basis of memory is molecular.
12/61	124	"Galvanomagnetism and Thermoregulation": S. W. August; Hitherto obscure 19th century discoveries turn out to be useful in technology.
6/62	143	"The Analysis of Brain Waves." Brazier; use of computers in analyzing EEG's.
3/63	50	"Electric Fish." Lissman; How the "electric fish" generates a weak electric field for sensory perception purposes.
11/63	54	"The Visual Cortex of the Brain." Hubel; How images on the retina are processed is explored on a cellular basis along the entire visual system
6/64	60	"Chemical Stimulation of the Brain." Fisher; chemicals injected in a rat's brain evoke hunger and thirst.
6/64	94	"Visual Search." Neisser; congnitive properties involved in scanning.
7/64	24	See Category 10.
11/64	116	"Psychological Time." Cohen; How time is conceived by different individuals depending on their psychological state.
1/65	56	"The Synapse." Sir John Eccles. Anatomy and neurotransmission mechanism of the synapse.
4/65	46	See Category 10.
7/65	50	"The Pineal Gland." Richard J. Wurtman and Julius Axelrod. CNS functions and role in circadian rhythms.
10/65	18	See Category 1.
10/65	78	"The Chemistry of Cell Membranes." Lowell and Mabel Hokin. Role of fatty components in membrane transport. Nerve cells discussed.
11/65	84	"Plasticity in Sensory-Motor Systems." Richard Held; The sensory feedback accompanying movement was investigated re: its effect on the development of motor coordination. Motor-sensory feedback loops discussed.
3/66	74	"The Nerve Axon." Baker; an investigation of the structure and mechanism of the nerve axon.
5/66	102	"Inhibition of the Central Nervous System." Wilson; a review of how nerve impulses are initiated and inhibited.
1/67	86	"Electric Current in Organic Crystals." Pope; description of a new technique for measuring energy levels of certain organic crystals and how it may apply to our understanding of electron transfer in plants.
2/67	62	"The States of Sleep. Jouvet; How studies with cats reveal that the two states of sleep could be induced by different biochemical secretions.
3/67	32	See Category 6.
5/67	44	"Small System of Nerve Cells." Kennedy; Analysis of the simple nervous systems of several invertebrates.
6/67	115	"Memory and Protein Synthesis." Agranoff; Discussion of a substance that blocks protein synthesis in the brain and can make a goldfish forget.
8/67	24	"The Split Brain in Man." Gazzaniga; Discussion of tests done on patients whose brain hemispheres have been separated.
8/67	60	"Tetrodotoxin." Fuhrman; Discussion of this powerful poison that is found in puffer fish and newts and how it serves as a tool in nerve physiology and may provide a model for new local anesthetics.
9/67	194	"The Electrical Properties of Materials." Discussion of why materials differ in their resistivity to electric currents by using the insights of quantum mechanics.
9/67	222	"The Magnetic Properties of Materials." Keffer; Discussion on magnetic materials and an attempt to understand why some materials are or aren t magnetic.
2/68	124	"Building a Sensitive Magnetometer and an Accurate Solid State Timer." (The Amateur Scientist) Stong; how to construct these devices and their application.
3/68	78	"Bilingualism and Information Processing." Kolers; how bilingual individuals are able to deal with both languages may provide important clues to mental function.
3/68	110	"The Adjustable Brain of Hibernators. ' Mrosovsky; outlines physiological changes which occur in the brain of animals as they enter hibernation.
4/68	69	See Category 1.
5/68	83	"Flight Control System of the Locust." Wilson; how the insect 5 central nervous system controls its behavior patterns.
6/68	64	"The Brain of Birds." Stettner and Matyniak; the organization and function of the avian brain in comparison to mammals.
11/68	66	See Category 10.
1/69	73	"The Neurophysiology of Remembering." K. H. Pribram; includes discussion of visual recognition.
5/69	105	See Category 10.
10/69	77	"Brain Damage by Asphyxia at Birth." W. F. Windle; demonstration of permanent damage.
12/69	17	"Marihuana." L.Grinspoon; a reasonably balanced article from the period when serious biochemical research was just beginning to give results.
12/69	98	"How an Instinct is Learned." J. P. Heilman; sea gull chicks provide tbe example.
1/70	30	"Learning in the Autonomic Nervous System." DiCara; Behavioral responses traditionally regarded as involuntary can in fact be learned.
3/70	66	"The Functional Organization of the Brain." Luria; Brain injuries provide clues to complex functions such as speech and writing.
5/70	104	"How We Remember What We See." Haber; There appears to be one kind of memory for pictures and another for symbols.
7/70	57	"Nerve Cells and Behavior. Kandel; The nerve circuits of primitive sea animals illuminate how behavior is mediated.
2/71	69	"Giant Brain Cells in Mollusks." A.O.D. Willows; the way the brain controls a behavior pattern is shown by studying such cells.
3/71	65	"Physiological Tremor." Olof Lippold; Explains how muscular activity seems to be a feedback mechanism.
3/71	96	"On Telling Left From Right." Michael C. Corballis and Juan L. Beale; adults seldon find it hard to distinguish between the two but what about children and animals? Suggested that trouble comes from bilateral symmetry of the nervous system.
4/71	72	"Annual Biological Clocks." Eric T. Pengelley and Sally J. Osmundson; explains how many organisms have a built-in daily clock, and maybe even a circannual, or yearly clock.
5/71	89	"The Fortification Illusions of Migraines." Whitmann Richards; explains how the visual displays that precede some are actually clues to patterns in the brain.
7/71	48	"Pathways in the Brain." Lennart Heimer; explains the staining methods with electron and light microspy which makes possible to look into the connections among nerve cells and the circuitry of the brain.
8/71	82	"The Control of Short-Term Memory." Richard C. Atkinson and Richard N. Sheffrin; asks just what regulates processes such as learning and forgetting?
10/71	30	See Category 10.
12/71	62	See Category 10.
2/72	22	"Brain Changes in Response to Experience. Rosenzweig, Bennett and Diamond; neurological changes occur with stimulation.
3/72	74	"Do Infants Think?" Kagan; development of the cognitive process.
5/72	30	See Category 1.
6/72	104	"Psychological Factors in Stress and Disease." Weiss. Stomach ulcers in rats.
8/72	84	See Category 10.
9/72	42	"Cellular Communication." Stent; via hormones, nerve fibers, and genetic communication.
11/72	24	"The Hormones of the Hypothalmus." Guillenin and Burgus; Releasing factors which control anterior pituitary gland.
12/72	72	"The Superior Colliculus of the Brain." Gordon; involved with detecting movement.
1/74	38	"The Nervous System of the Leech." Nicholls and Van Essen. Study of Cell properties and connections explaining behavioral reflexes.
1/75	56	"The Cortex of the Cerebellum." Llinas; largely descriptive discussion of aspects of electricity involved in major neuronal circuits in the cerebellar cortex.
8/76	?	"The Sleep Factor." Additional uses found for fluid which is extracted from the cerebro-spinal of sleepy goats.
11/76	90	See Category 1.
12/76	72	See Category 1.
1/77	60	"The Perception of Moving Targets. R. Sekuler and E. Levinson; how the brain determines direction of motion as well as details of the moving object.
3/77	44	"Opiate Receptors and Internal Opiates." S. H. Snyder; uses radioactively labeled drugs.
8/77	108	"'Second Messengers' in the Brain." J. A. Nathanson and P. Greengard; the chemical end of nerve action.
10/77	132	"Hallucinations." R. K. Siegel; mostly visual; explores similarity from one person to another.
12/77	108	See Category 10.
2/78	92	"Microcircuits in the Nervous System." G. M. Shepherd; the importance of the dendrites and synapses in addition to the axons.
5/78	126	"The Adjacency Principle in Visual Perception." W.C. Gogel; how the brain combines conflicting clues.
7/78	50	"The Chemical Differentiation of Nerve Cells." P. H. Patterson, D. D. Potter, and E. J. Furshpan; different cells use different transmitters.
10/78	62	See Category 6.
11/78	92	"The Acquisition of Language." B. A. Moskowitz; how children break the language down into basic parts and develop rules to recombine those parts.
11/78	154	"The Reward System of the Brain." A. Routeenbarg; 'Pleasure centers' and their role in learning and memory.
1/79	108	See Catagory 10.
3/79	126	"Ion Channels in the Nerve Cell Membrane." Keynes; details of the propagation of the nerve impulse.
6/79	68	"The Nerve Growth Factor." R. Levi-Montelcini and P. Calusano; a protein that makes nerve cells grow.
9/79		Whole issue on "The Brain."
12/79	134	"Electrical responses Evoked from the Human Brain. D. Regan; EEG potentitals during performance of tasks.
4/80	152	"The Transport of Substances in Nerve Cells." J. H. Schwartz; chemicals formed in the cell body move to the ends of the axons.
5/80	88	"Myelin." Pierre Morell and William T. Norton. The fatty insulation of nerve fibers makes it possible for them to conduct nerve impulses faster.
11/80	118	"The Vestibular Apparatus." Donald E. Parker. Balance and orientation depend on inputs from organs of the inner ear and other sense organs.
4/81	164	"Lithium and Mania." Daniel C. Tosteson. How is it that a substance as simple an an ion can affect a phenomenon as complex as mood?
10/81	148	"Neuropeptides." Floyd E. Bloom. Nerve signal and hormone functions.
1/82	136	"The Development of a Simple Nervous System." Gunther S. Stent and David E. Weisblat. Leeches provide a very useful model.
4/82	50	"Nutrients that Modify Brain Function." Richard J. Wurtman. Dietary precursors of neurotransmitters may act as drugs rather than food.
11/80	198	See category 10.

Dick Piccard revised this file (http://ouvaxa.cats.ohiou.edu/~piccard/scientam/nerves.html) on July 15, 1997.

Please E-mail comments and suggestions to piccard@ohiou.edu.