Plant Biology 111, Winter 2000
Study Guide for First Exam
The first exam will be given on Thursday, Jan. 27. The questions will be a mixture of objective, short-answer, and possibly some short-essay questions. Some will be thought questions that will require more than just recall of information.
The first exam will cover the lecture material through the Kingdom Protista and selected material from the text. Text material not covered in lecture is "fair game" if listed below.
You should have a thorough understanding of the following subjects:
- the three-domain classification system used in your text, and the four kingdoms of Domain Eukarya
- distinctions between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
- the symbiosis theory of origin of the eukaryotic cell (and supporting
evidence)
- diagnostic features of the Kingdom Plantae (7 features covered in lecture)
- the taxonomic hierarchy (the proper sequence of ranks)
- inference of phylogenetic relationship from derived character states (be able to solve
phylogeny reconstruction exercises similar those on the Study Resources page)
- homology and analogy
- predictivity of a classification and why phylogenetic classifications are
predictive
- the two major contributions of Linnaeus
- binomial nomenclature; taxonomic significance of each word of a binomial
- the mechanism of natural selection, as explained by Darwin (five steps); see handout on
Mechanism of Natural Selection
- positive and negative effects of bacteria on humans
- role of bacteria in terrestrial ecosystems
- three mechanisms of genetic recombination in bacteria
- environmental tolerance and economic importance of Archaebacteria
- ecological and evolutionary significance of Cyanobacteria
- gametic, zygotic, and sporic life cycles and the processes and
stages of each (important!!)
- the differences between meiosis and mitosis
- sex and mating type; definition of male and female
- diagnostic features of the Kingdom Fungi (6 features covered in lecture)
- positive and negative effects of fungi on humans
- diagnostic features (2) of Phylum Zygomycota
- diagnostic features (3) of Phylum Ascomycota
- the role in the ascomycete life cycle of: antheridium, ascogonium, ascoma,
ascus, ascospore, conidia
- diagnostic features (2) of Phylum Basidiomycota
- the role in the basidiomycete life cycle of: basidium, basidiospore, basidioma
- the lichen symbiosis: which organisms are involved, and how each benefits
- lichen anatomy
- how lichens absorb nutrients
- ecological and societal significance of lichens
- the role in the cellular slime mold life cycle of: amoebas, pseudoplasmodium,
spores, macrocyst
- the role in the myxomycete (plasmodial slime mold) life cycle of: plasmodium, sporangium, spores,
sclerotium
- the role in the Saprolegnia life cycle of: zoosporangium, zoospores,
oogonium, oospore
- the peculiar mode of asexual reproduction in diatoms
- commercial value of diatoms
- ecological and economic significance of dinoflagellates
- origin of chloroplasts in Euglenophyta
- economic significance of red algae
- Which phylum of protists is most closely related to plants?
You should be familiar with the life cycles of the following kinds of organisms
(i.e., for each of these, you should be able to answer the
questions on the back of the sheet handed out during the lecture
on life cycles):
- Rhizopus
- Ascomycota
- Basidiomycota (those that produce mushrooms)
- Dictyosteliomycota
- Myxomycota
- Saprolegnia
- diatoms
- Laminaria
- Ulva
- Chlamydomonas
You may be asked the economic or societal significance of the following organisms:
- Penicillium
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- Amanita
- Agaricus bisporus
- Phytophthora infestans
You should know the meaning and/or significance of the following terms:
- mutualism
- nitrogen fixation
- embryo (as defined by botanists)
- systematics
- taxonomy
- taxon (taxa)
- phenetic relationship
- phylogeny
- phylogenetic relationship
- phylogenetic classification
- clade
- monophyletic
- paraphyletic
- synapomorphy
- outgroup
- cladogram
- convergent evolution
- specific epithet
- Species Plantarum
- anaerobic
- botulism
- coccus (-i)
- bacillus (-i)
- spirillum (-a)
- saprobe
- autotrophic
- heterotrophic
- asexual reproduction
- fission
- conjugation
- transformation
- transduction
- extremophile (-ic)
- halophilic
- thermophilic
- methanogenic
- heterocyst
- somatic
- diploid (2n)
- haploid (n)
- fertilization
- gamete
- zygote
- isogamy
- oogamy
- anisogamy
- plasmogamy
- karyogamy
- monokaryotic
- dikaryotic
- coenocytic
- gametic cycle
- zygotic cycle
- sporic cycle
- meiospore
- alternation of generations
- gametophyte
- sporophyte
- isomorphic
- heteromorphic
- mycology
- hypha(e)
- mycelium
- gills (of a mushroom)
- glycogen
- chitin
- motile
- zoospore
- aflatoxins
- yeast
- fermentation
- penicillin
- cyclosporine
- septum (septa)
- rhizoids
- sporangium
- gametangium
- zygosporangium
- homothallic
- heterothallic
- ascus (asci), ascospores
- ascoma (ascomata)
- hymenium
- conidia
- budding
- Deuteromycota (Fungi Imperfecti)
- basidium
- basidiospore
- basidioma(-ta)
- mycorrhiza(e)
- plasmodium
- pseudoplasmodium
- macrocyst
- sclerotium
- oogonium
- oospore
- plankton
- phytoplankton
- red tide
- eyespot (in Chlamydomonas)
- thallus
- agar
- carrageenan
- stipe, blade, holdfast (in kelp)
- algin
- thylakoids
- grana
Return to PBIO-111 Syllabus
Return to Study Guides Page